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SHOWTIME
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The Republic at War includes three pieces. Loyalist Spain in Arms was produced by the Propaganda Ministry of the Republic, and was written and produced by none other than Luis Buñuel. The Burial of Durutti records the funeral commemorations for the famed anarchist leader and demonstrates a massive show of forces loyal to the Republic. The third work records the first meeting of the Cortes, the Spanish parliament, after the outbreak of the war. It includes a famed and often-quoted speech by Largo Caballero, president of the Cortes.
Heroic Spain is the name of a Spanish-German co-production made on Nationalist rebels, showing their progress during the first year of the conflict. The film begins with the attack on Toledo, includes the siege of the famed Alcazar Fortress and celebrates the progress of Franco’s troops in Málaga, Bilbao and Asturias. A final commemoration of their fallen soldiers brings together a galaxy of Franco’s supporters.
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Sun Dec 9: 2:50
Sat Dec 22: 12:30
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The defense of the Republic was often joined by demands for an economic and political restructuring of society––the social revolution––that could be the only true guarantee of victory. The first film in this third chapter was produced by Barcelona’s FAI, an Anarchist movement. Cataloguing attacks on the Church and other symbols of power, the film shows the radical forces unleashed by the insurrection. The second film includes footage of the anarchist military campaign in Aragon, documenting not only the military operation but also the aftermath of collectivization and other reforms. The final film, Barcelona Supports the Front, also produced by the Anarchists, shows the re-ordering of both work and daily life to provide maximum support for the military struggle.
Chapter Four chronicles the defense of Madrid. Franco, undisputed head of the uprising, made the conquest of Spain’s capital a priority, and for several weeks in late fall of 1936, it seemed as if he would succeed—but the city held. The first two films included here exhort madrileños to hang tough. In the first, actress Montserrat Blanch compares the struggle to the resistance against Napoleon, while in the second poet Rafael Alberti recites “Madrid, Heart of Spain.” Also featured are two documentaries about the fighting made by Soviet film crews who accompanied their troops to the defense of Madrid. Finally, the chapter ends with a documentary on the battle for Madrid made by Franco’s forces.
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Wed Dec 12: 7:00
Sat Dec 22: 3
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Chapter Five reflects the evolution of the Civil War; after the initial, often very hard-fought battles, both sides settled into more strategic postures, shoring up support behind their lines while planning for new actions. We begin with a tribute to the Nationalist rebels in Pamplona, following their victory in the north. Military parades blend seamlessly with religious processions. A series of Republic documentaries chronicle everything from the meeting between José Antonio Aguirre, President of Euzkadi (the Basque region) with Cataluña’s President Lluis Companys; the treatment of captured Italian soldiers; and the delivery of ambulances donated to the Republic by American supporters. Finally, the battle for Teruel, the only provincial capital to have been captured by Franco, then lost, then re-taken, is seen from a variety of viewpoints.
Probably no aspect of the Spanish Civil War is better known than its international character: German and Italian regular military forces rushed to aid Franco’s cause, while the Republic counted on the support of Soviet forces as well as several thousand international volunteers. Chapter Six shows how the presence of “outsiders” in the struggle was used propagandistically by both sides, to show how each represented the “true Spain.” There is also incredibly moving footage of departure of the Republican International Brigades in the fall of 1938. The chapter concludes with a fragment of a German film about the achievements of the infamous Condor Legion in Spain.
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Fri Dec 14: 7
Sun Dec 23: 12:30
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By mid-1938 it was clear that the Civil War was winding down. Despite continuing to lose territory, the Republic’s President, Juan Negrín, called for resistance until the end. For his part, Franco refused to even discuss a negotiated settlement. The first film included here, Spain Will Live, released in February 1939, was a last-ditch effort to drum up support for the Republic, bitterly attacking the “non-intervention” policies of the Western democracies. The other two films are Nationalist accounts of the conquest of the Catalan region and the occupation of Barcelona.
The final chapter includes examples of the “Noticiario Español,” the official Nationalist and now government newsreel, recording the celebrations in the weeks following the end of the fighting on April 1, 1939. In the first, 120,000 Nationalist troops parade before Franco, who wears both the blue shirt of the fascist Falange Party as well as the red beret of the monarchist Carlists. The chapter and the series end with a speech by Franco in which he declares Spain “a totalitarian state.”
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Tue Dec 18: 8:30
Sun Dec 23: 2:45
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